A Benchmark for Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting Compression
New York University
D3DGS-Bench is an open benchmark for the compression of dynamic 3D Gaussian splatting (3DGS) sequences. A dynamic 3DGS sequence stores one Gaussian set per frame, and how consecutive sets relate is determined by the estimator that produced them: tracked estimators move a fixed set of Gaussians, semi-tracked estimators update a persistent set while adding and removing Gaussians, and untracked estimators reconstruct every frame independently. Because this relation decides what a codec can exploit, D3DGS-Bench evaluates every codec across estimators rather than on the output of a single one. The benchmark comprises 24 input sequences (four estimators, six N3DV scenes, 300 frames each), nine codecs behind a common interface (six static GS codecs, each applied per frame and to concatenated groups of frames, and three dynamic GS codecs), and a rendering-based evaluation against two references: the uncompressed input frames and the held-out camera. On this benchmark, concatenating 30 frames before static coding reduces the rate by 42–72% on tracked sequences but by at most 3.5% on untracked ones. All rate–distortion points, BD-rates, bitstream compositions, runtimes and memory footprints are released with full provenance, together with scripts that reproduce the complete experiment grid.
Six-scene average BD-rate of GoF-30 concatenation relative to per-frame coding with the same codec at the same rate points. Negative values indicate bit-rate savings. Select a cell to display its curves.
All measured rate–distortion curves. The reference selector sets the quality reference: the uncompressed input frames (identical-source evaluation) or the captured images of the held-out camera (ground-truth evaluation).
One cell per experiment, estimator and scene. Each value is the BD-rate of the experiment relative to its anchor, computed on input-referenced PSNR; hatched cells mark experiments that were not run. Select a cell to display its curves above.
Distribution of each run's bitstream over the streams written by its codec, at the level of detail recorded for that run. Select a bar to display the run in the ring chart and in the table.
Each upstream project is retrieved at the commit listed on its card and patched by its setup.sh; these patches constitute the complete set of our modifications.
Each cell shows the cost of predicting frame j from frame i; brighter cells indicate higher similarity. ρ relates the cost between distant frames to that between adjacent frames; values above 1 indicate temporal structure. Flame steak, 300 × 300 frame pairs.
PSNR against renders of the uncompressed input frame from every calibrated camera, pooled over all pixels, views and 300 frames. It isolates the coding loss; curves of different estimators are therefore not on a common scale.
A score is rejected before it reaches a table when not every frame was scored, when pooled RGB PSNR falls below 15 dB, or when the mean of per-frame decibels exceeds the pooled value by 3 dB or more, the signature of a few damaged frames or views.
PSNR, SSIM and LPIPS against the held-out camera. All estimators share a common reference, which allows published results to be shown alongside ours; both branches, however, saturate at the reconstruction quality of the estimator. Ground-truth scores are available for the estimator sweep (G-PCC at GoF 150), GSCodec-S, GSCodec-D, D-FCGS and D-GPCC, and for the published and uncompressed anchors. The remaining static codecs at GoF 30 were scored against the input only and are hidden from the series list under this reference.
Rate is given in MB per frame (total bytes ÷ frames ÷ 106), including all I-frames. G-PCC and HGSC code the frame index of a concatenated group in their bitstreams, and SPZ preserves the input order; L-GSC, LGSCV and GSCodec-S recover it from encoder-side ordering and are charged log230 = 4.91 bits per Gaussian, the cost of a uniformly coded index stream. BD-rate integrates cubic fits of log rate over the quality range shared by the two curves.
The i-th rate point of each scene is averaged over the six scenes, and the BD-rate is computed between the averaged curves.
Every data point is a row of results/tables in the repository (commit ) and can be traced to its raw score file.
D3DGS-Bench accompanies the paper Robust, Estimator-Agnostic Dynamic 3DGS Compression (arXiv:2609.25633). If you use the benchmark, please cite it.
@misc{wang2026robust,
title = {Robust, Estimator-Agnostic Dynamic {3DGS} Compression},
author = {Wang, Chenjunjie and Huang, Zixi and Wang, Yao and Ball{\'e}, Jona},
year = {2026},
eprint = {2609.25633},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
primaryClass = {eess.IV},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25633}
}